johnstone



No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. W. JOHNSTONE. JOURNAL BEARING.

No, 312,860. Patented Feb. 24, 1885.

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WITNESSES:

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

F. W. JOHNSTONE.

JOURNAL BEARING No. 312,860. Patented Feb. 24, 1885.

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NITNESSESr l. 5 1 a ATTORNEY.

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N4 PETERS. Phulo-Llllwgnphur. Washing Warren Shires -armrr tries.

FRANCIS \V. JOHNSTONE, OF MEXICO, MEXICO.

JOURNAL-BEARING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.3l2,860, dated February2 1-. 1885.

Application filed November 14, 1834. (X0 model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANCIS W. JoHNsroNE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at the city of Mexico, in the State and Republic ofMexico, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Journal-Bearings, of which improvements the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to obviate undue friction and consequentheating and wear of the journal-bearings and journals of railroadrolling-stock by providing an increased area of effectivebearing-surface relatively to that heretofore obtained with journals ofdetermined dimensions, and to render such increase available inconnection with the ordi' nary standard journals and journal bearingsand boxes without involving the necessity of modifying in any particularthe construction or dimensions thereof. To this end my invention,generally stated, consists in a journalbearing composed of two or moreseparate sections hinged or pivoted together in planes parallel with theaxis of the journal, so as to effeet the separate distribution of theload supported upon different portions of the periphery of the journal;also, in the combination of a supporting box or pedestal and alongitudinally-articulated sectional j ournalbearing fitted therein withthe capacity of swiveling movement transversely to the axial orlongitudinal plane of the hearing. The improve ments claimed arehereinafter more fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal central sectionthrough a caraxle box, illustrating the application of my invention;Fig. 2, a transverse section through the same at the line we of Fig. 1;Fig. 3, a side view in elevation of the j ournal-bearing; Fig. 4, an endview of the same; Fig. 5, aside view in elevation of the journal-bearingkey; Fig. 6, an end view of the same, and Fig. 7 a diagram illustrativeof the difference in the application of pressure as between a bearing ofthe ordinary construction and one in accordance with my invention.

. Anatural result of the requirements imposed by increased tonnage ontransportation upon railroads has been to institute a constantlygrowingtendency toincrease in weight and capacity of the rolling-stockemployed, and it is apparently well established by the practice of thetrunlclines of the United States that the economical transportation offreight is materially promoted by the use of cars of as great a carryingcapacity as practicable, hauled in trains of practically as great alength as is within the limit of strength of the couplings,correspondiugly-heavy engines andtendersbeing required and employed forthe purpose. Under such circumstances, and with the existing conditionsof limitation as to location and dimensions of journals and bearings,the pressure upon the former becomes so excessive that even with propercare and supervision injurious heating and wear of these parts is offrequent occurrence. Further enlargement of bearing-surfaces would notprove generally ac ceptable by reason of the extended use of establishedstandards, and in the provision of improved appliances for the reductionor pre vention of the objectionable results above referred to it isdesirable, if not essential, to render them of general acceptability,that they should be capable of application to existing standard axlesand boxes without alteration of the latter or interference with theiroper ative relation and connection to other members of the car or enginein which they are employed. My invention, which is designed to complywith the above requirements, and has been found in practice tosatisfactorily answer the demands of heavy service, is simple andeconomical in construction and effective and durable in its practicaloperation.

To carry out myinvention Iprovide a journal-bearing, ofbrass or othersuitable metal or composition, which is composed of a series of separatesect-ions articulated or coupled one to the other by pivotal connectionsin planes parallel to the axial line of the journal 1,011 which thebearing is to be fitted. In the instance shown the bearing consists of amain or center section, 2, and two lateral or wing sections, 3 3, eachof said sections being faced off on its inner surface in correspondencewith the curvature of the periphery of the journal 1. A longitudinaltongue or rib, 4, having a segmental or rounded outer face, is formedupon each side of the center section, 2, and

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each of the tongues 4; is engaged by an upwardly-projecting lip orsocket, 5, formed upon the back of one of the wing-sections 3,at theinner side thereof, said sockets being formed with longitudinal recessescorresponding with the curved outer portions of the tongues 4 of thecenter section. The main and wing sections are thus coupled byhinge-connections, permitting a limited degree of independent relativecircumferential movement upon the journal, and the pressure of theweight carried by the bearing is independently imparted to the journalupon three separate areas of contact with the periphery thereof. As aresult of such construction the application of pressure to the journalis effected in substantially perpendicular direction to the chords a bc, subtending the arcs of contact in transverse section of the sectionsof the bearing with the journal, as indicated by the right-hand diagramof Fig. 7, in lieu of being perpendicular to the corresponding chord, d,of the integral journal-bearing in ordinary use, as indicated by theleft-hand diagram of the same figure. The effective bearing-surface willbe represented in the first case by the sum of the chords i a b cmultiplied by the length of the bearing,

and in the second by the chord d multiplied by said length. Assuming thelength of the arc of contact to be the samein both cases,the sum of thecords a b 0 will be greater than the chord d,- but a further increase isobtainable under my construction, inasmuch as the hinged connection ofthe wing-sections with the center section enables the former to beeffectively extended for such length around the journal as to provide alonger line of circumferential contact than would be effective ifembodied in a bearing formed in a single piece. The longitudinal openspaces between the adjacent sides of the sections perform an additionaluseful function by acting as channels for the distribution of the supplyof lubricating material to the journal, access of thesame beingaffordedthroughout the length of the journal and on opposite sides of itsvertical axial plane.

It will be obvious that longitudinal hingebolts passing through eyes inthe main and wing sections could be substituted, if desired, as anequivalent for the tongue-and-socket connection of the sectionsdescribed and shown; but I deem the latter construction preferable inpoint of economy, strength, and durability.

Longitudinal displacement of the sections 2 t 3 is prevented by tenons6, formed on the sockets 5 of the wing-sections and fitting freely incorresponding recesses or mortises in the sides of the center section,and the degree of upward movement of the side sections upon the tonguesof the center section is limited so as to prevent the disengagement ofthe sections in service by a stop-block, 7, secured upon anupwardly-projecting stem, 8, on the back of the center section.

The journal 1 rotates in a journal-box, 9

which, as shown, is of the ordinary construction, the bearing beingadaptable to the box known as the master car-builders standard, or toany other of the well-known forms in common use.

To enable the proper relation of the bearing and journal to bemaintained under vertical end movements of the axle, the pressure of theweight supported bythe box is transmitted to the bearing through ahinged or pivotal connection transversely to the axial line of thejournal, the preferred form of the same, as herein illustrated, being asfollows: A j ournalbearing key, 10, is, as in the usual constructions,interposed between the bearing and the top of the box; but in lieu ofabutting against the bearing by a plane surface or surfaces, asheretofore, the key 10 is provided with a pair of downwardly projectingsegmental faced rockers, 11, located at the center of its sides, saidrockers fitting in correspondingly-curved rocker-bearings 12 formed onthe wing-sections 3 exterior to their sockets 5, the body of the keyextending above and entirely clear of the remaining portions of thebearing. It will be seen that by this construction a swiveling movementof thejournal and bearing is permitted relatively to the box, andvertical movements of the journal are thereby caused to inducecoincident movements of the bearing without affecting the normalrelation of the bearing and journal or preventing the proper applicationthereto of the weight carried by the box.

IVhile I have found the rocker construction above described to be aconvenient and desirable one, I do not limit myself thereto, as anysuitable hinge or pivot connection between the bearing and its box orpedestal adapted to admit movement of the former about a line transverseto the axis of the journal would be the mechanical equivalent of saidrockers and bearing, and may be substituted therefor without departingfrom the spirit of my invention.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. Thecombination, in a journal-bearing, of

3. The combination, inajournal-bearing, of

a center section having atongue or rib on each of its sides, which isrounded or segmental on its outer face, and two lateral orwing sectionseach having a lip or socket engaging one of the tongues of the centersection, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, in a j ournal-bearing, of a center section having asegmental-faced tongue or rib on each of its sides, said tongues beingtransversely recessed or in ortised, a pair of lateral or wing sectionshaving lips or sockets engaging the tongues of the center section, andtenons fitting the recesses thereof, and a stop fixed to the centersection and adapted to limit the degree of movement ofthe sockets uponthe tongues, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a longitudinallyartieulated sectionaljonrnal-bearing having a segmental rocker bearing on each of its outersections, and a journal-bearing key having upon each of its sides adowmvardly-projcot FRANCIS \V. JOHNSTONF.

Witnesses:-

MoNRoE SPENCER MoOAY, JOHN S'rRoTHER.

